Abstract 2D materials (2DMs), such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs),
and black phosphorus (BP), have been proposed for different types of bioapplications …

Nanosafety assessment has experienced an intense era of research during the past
decades driven by a vivid interest of regulators, industry, and society. Toxicological assays …

Macrophages are a highly adaptive population of innate immune cells. Polarization with
IFNγ and LPS into the 'classically activated'M1 macrophage enhances pro-inflammatory and …

With wider use of graphene-based materials and other two-dimensional (2 D) materials in
various fields, including electronics, composites, biomedicine, etc., 2 D materials can trigger …

The growing clinical demand for electrical stimulation-based therapies requires the
development of novel conductive biomaterials that balance conductivity, biocompatibility …

Graphene-based materials are of increasing interest for their potential use in biomedical
applications. However, there is a need to gain a deeper understanding of how graphene …

The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as
bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has …

Bioelectronics, a field pivotal in monitoring and stimulating biological processes, demands
innovative nanomaterials as detection platforms. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their …

Graphene-related materials (GRMs) are widely used in various applications due to their
unique properties. A growing number of reports describe the impact of different carbon …

Abstract 2D MXenes find applications in several technology fields. Solution processing
techniques can facilitate the integration of these materials within the technological supply …