Interactions connect the units of ecological systems, forming networks. Individual-based
networks characterize variation in niches among individuals within populations. These …

Network approaches to ecological questions have been increasingly used, particularly in
recent decades. The abstraction of ecological systems–such as communities–through …

Ecological networks have a long history in ecology, and a recent increase in network
analyses across environmental gradients has revealed important changes in their structure …

The honeybee is the primary managed species worldwide for both crop pollination and
honey production. Owing to beekee** activity, its high relative abundance potentially …

Network ecology is an emerging field that allows researchers to conceptualize and analyse
ecological networks and their dynamics. Here, we focus on the dynamics of ecological …

Most studies of plant–animal mutualistic networks have come from a temporally static
perspective. This approach has revealed general patterns in network structure, but limits our …

Ecological networks of species interactions are popular and provide powerful analytical
tools for understanding variation in community structure and ecosystem functioning …

Insect-provided pollination services are increasingly threatened due to alarming declines in
insect pollinator populations. One of the main threats to insect pollinators and consequently …

Food webs are a major focus and organizing theme of ecology, but the data used to
assemble them are deficient. Early debates over food-web data focused on taxonomic …

Mutualistic interactions repeatedly preserved across fragmented landscapes can scale‐up
to form a spatial metanetwork describing the distribution of interactions across patches. We …