Most of the policy debate surrounding the actions needed to mitigate and adapt to
anthropogenic climate change has been framed by observations of the past 150 years as …

CO2 released from combustion of fossil fuels equilibrates among the various carbon
reservoirs of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere on timescales of a few …

Nature-based climate solutions can contribute to climate mitigation, but the vulnerability of
land carbon to disturbances means that efforts to slow or reverse land carbon loss could …

Abstract The Paris Agreement has opened debate on whether limiting warming to 1.5° C is
compatible with current emission pledges and warming of about 0.9° C from the mid …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Despite ongoing increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, the Earth's global average
surface air temperature has remained more or less steady since 2001. A variety of …

Climate change will have far-reaching impacts on biodiversity, including increasing
extinction rates. Current approaches to quantifying such impacts focus on measuring …

Global warming has driven a loss of dissolved oxygen in the ocean in recent decades. We
demonstrate the potential for an additional anthropogenic driver of deoxygenation, in which …

An earth system model (MIROC-ESM 2010) is fully described in terms of each model
component and their interactions. Results for the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison …

The responses of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other climate variables to an emission pulse of
CO 2 into the atmosphere are often used to compute the Global Warming Potential (GWP) …