Continuous increase in global human population and depletion of natural resources of
energy posing threat to environment needs, sustainable supply of food and energy. The …

Sustainable agriculture is vital in today's world as it offers the potential to meet our
agricultural needs, something that conventional agriculture fails to do. This type of …

The capture and use of water are critically important in drylands, which collectively constitute
Earth's largest biome. Drylands will likely experience lower and more unreliable rainfall as …

Sustainable supply of food and energy without posing any threat to environment is the
current demand of our society in view of continuous increase in global human population …

A committee of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) has reviewed and
updated the description of Special Regions on Mars as places where terrestrial organisms …

The definition of desertification accepted in the ad hoc conference held by UNEP in Nairobi
in 1977 and confirmed at the Earth Summit on Environment and Development held in Rio de …

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the dominant living cover in many drylands of the world.
They possess many features that can influence different aspects of local hydrologic cycles …

Climate change has become increasingly severe, threatening ecosystem stability and, in
particular, biodiversity. As a typical indicator of ecosystem evolution, vegetation growth is …

Water and nutrients are scarce resources in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In these regions,
biological soil crusts (BSCs) occupy a large part of the soil surface in the open spaces …

Desert soil surfaces are generally covered with biological soil crusts, composed of a group
of organisms dominated by cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses. Despite their unassuming …