Major depressive disorder (MDD), also referred to as depression, is one of the most common
psychiatric disorders with a high economic burden. The etiology of depression is still not …

BackgroundCognition is commonly affected in brain disorders. Non-invasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) may have procognitive effects, with high tolerability. This meta-analysis …

Kraepelin, in his early descriptions of schizophrenia (SZ), characterized the illness as having
“an orchestra without a conductor.” Kraepelin further speculated that this “conductor” was …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become one of the leading causes of death in
the global population. The pathogenesis of CNS diseases is complicated, so it is important …

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a unique form of non-invasive brain
stimulation. Sinusoidal alternating electric currents are delivered to the scalp to affect mostly …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common
neurodevelopmental disorders having a high influence on social interactions. The number of …

Over the past 30 years, the field of neuromodulation has witnessed remarkable
advancements. These developments encompass a spectrum of techniques, both non …

Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, one-third
of patients do not show adequate improvement in positive symptoms with non-clozapine …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique
involving administration of well-tolerated electrical current to the brain through scalp …

One of the most critical challenges in using noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques
for the treatment of psychiatric and neurologic disorders is inter-and intra-individual …