The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global crisis, challenging
healthcare systems worldwide. Many patients present with a remarkable disconnect in rest …

Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural
and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for …

The vagus nerve is an indispensable body-brain connection that controls vital aspects of
autonomic physiology like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and gut motility, reflexes …

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN), which is located in the pons and is dissected by one of the
major cerebellar output tracks, is known to relay sensory information (visceral malaise, taste …

Respiratory drive, the intensity of the respiratory center's output, determines the effort
exerted in each breath. The increasing awareness of the adverse effects of both strong and …

The body-brain axis is emerging as a principal conductor of organismal physiology. It
senses and controls organ function1, 2, metabolism3 and nutritional state4-6. Here, we …

For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to
harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [ie, acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing …

Sighs are long, deep breaths expressing sadness, relief or exhaustion. Sighs also occur
spontaneously every few minutes to reinflate alveoli, and sighing increases under hypoxia …

Slow changes in systemic brain physiology can elicit large fluctuations in fMRI time series,
which manifest as structured spatial patterns of temporal correlations between distant brain …