BACKGROUND It has long been thought that the factors affecting embryo and foetal
development were exclusively maternally derived; hence, if issues regarding fertility and …

In the early 1950s, Austin and Chang independently described the changes that are
required for the sperm to fertilize oocytes in vivo. These changes were originally grouped …

Mammalian sperm cells must respond to cues originating from along the female
reproductive tract and from the layers of the egg in order to complete their fertilization …

Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a signaling lipid in the central nervous system that is a key
regulator of neurotransmitter release. 2-AG is an endocannabinoid that activates the …

Cannabis extracts have been used for centuries, but its main active principle∆ 9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was identified about 50 years ago. Yet, it is only 25 years ago …

Sperm plasma membrane lipids are essential for the function and integrity of mammalian
spermatozoa. Various lipid types are involved in each key step within the fertilization …

Varying pH of luminal fluid along the female reproductive tract is a physiological cue that
modulates sperm motility. CatSper is a sperm-specific, pH-sensitive calcium channel …

The endocannabinoids are lipid-derived messengers that play a diversity of regulatory roles
in mammalian physiology. Dysfunctions in their activity have been implicated in various …

Sperm motility is linked to the activation of signaling pathways that trigger movement. These
pathways are mainly dependent on Ca2+, which acts as a secondary messenger. The …

The eukaryotic flagellum is the organelle responsible for the propulsion of the male gamete
in most animals. Without exception, sperm of all mammalian species use a flagellum for …