The renal nerves are the communication link between the central nervous system and the
kidney. In response to multiple peripheral and central inputs, efferent renal sympathetic …

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a unique and important brain region
involved in the control of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and other physiological functions …

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a highly organized structure of the hypothalamus that
has a key role in regulating cardiovascular and osmotic homeostasis. Functionally, the PVN …

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus has efferent connections to autonomic
nuclei known to ultimately regulate cardiovascular function. Studies have revealed …

The maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis is highly dependent on tightly controlled
interactions between the heart and the kidneys. Therefore, it is not surprising that a …

It is now well accepted that the sympathetic nervous system responds to specific afferent
stimuli in a unique non‐uniform fashion. The means by which the brain transforms the …

Until about 10 years ago, knowledge of the functional organisation of the central pathways
that subserve cardiovascular responses to homeostatic challenges and other stressors was …

Elevated sympathetic nerve activity, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, is
partly generated from the presympathetic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the …

The functional role of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has been examined by studying its
connections with cardiovascular neurons in the medulla and spinal cord and its influence on …

Aim: There is a characteristic neurohumoral activation in heart failure (HF). However, few
studies have been performed to examine the role of the central nervous system in the …