Summary Layer 1 (L1) of the neocortex acts as a nexus for the collection and processing of
widespread information. By integrating ascending inputs with extensive top-down activity …

The brain functions as a prediction machine, utilizing an internal model of the world to
anticipate sensations and the outcomes of our actions. Discrepancies between expected …

Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating sleep–wake behavior, and adenosine signaling is
generally thought to be involved. Here we show multiple lines of evidence supporting that …

Interhemispheric communication through the corpus callosum is required for both sensory
and cognitive processes. Impaired transcallosal inhibition causing interhemispheric …

Pyramidal neurons have a pivotal role in the cognitive capabilities of neocortex. Though they
have been predominantly modeled as integrate-and-fire point processors, many of them …

Higher-order projections to sensory cortical areas converge on layer 1 (L1), the primary site
for integration of top-down information via the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and L1 …

Adaptive behavior critically depends on the detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. The
anterior insular cortex (aIC) has long been proposed as a key player in the representation …

Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their
distinct and shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we …

In complex environments, animals can adopt diverse strategies to find rewards. How distinct
strategies differentially engage brain circuits is not well understood. Here, we investigate this …

Unified visual perception requires integration of bottom-up and top-down inputs in the
primary visual cortex (V1), yet the organization of top-down inputs in V1 remains unclear …