1.1. Background Beginning in the early 1980s, cell biologists started realising that some
phospholipids are not just basic constituents of membranes but dynamic informational …

A revolution is occurring in our thinking about growth and development as we realize the
importance of calcium ions in mediating many different processes in plants. During the last …

▪ Abstract Posttranslational modification of proteins by phosphorylation is a universal
mechanism for regulating diverse biological functions. Recognition that many cellular …

Plants are considered the backbone of life on earth. The colorful life on this planet has
emerged as a consequence of over 3.5 billion years of unceasing evolution. Life on earth …

Abstract The Arabidopsis Salt Overly Sensitive 2 (SOS2) gene encodes a serine/threonine
(Thr) protein kinase that has been shown to be a critical component of the salt stress …

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulatory mechanism that controls many
biological processes in eukaryotes. In plants, phosphorylation events primarily occur on …

Protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes predominantly occurs on serine (Ser) and threonine
(Thr) residues, whereas phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues is less abundant. Plants …

Despite their capacity to carry out functions that previously were unobtainable, smart
polymers and hydrogels tend to have painfully slow response times. On the other hand …

Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification controlling many
biological processes. Most phosphorylation occurs on serine and threonine, and to a less …

Phosphorylation of αβ-tubulins dimers by protein tyrosine kinases plays an important role in
the regulation of cellular growth and differentiation in animal cells. In plants, however, the …