Cities and buildings represent the core of human life, the nexus of economic activity, culture,
and growth. Although cities cover less than 10% of the global land area, they are notorious …

In the context of the growing emphasis on energy conservation and carbon reduction, the
widespread deployment of smart meters in residential and commercial buildings is …

As urbanization intensifies, cities are key contributors to energy consumption and carbon
emissions, accounting for a significant portion of global energy use and CO 2 emissions …

The need for energy efficiency in neighborhood-scale architectural design is driven by
environmental imperatives and escalating energy costs. This study identifies three key …