A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

An array of large observational programs using ground-based and space-borne telescopes
is planned in the next decade. The forthcoming wide-field sky surveys are expected to …

ABSTRACT We introduce the Virgo Consortium's FLAMINGO suite of hydrodynamical
simulations for cosmology and galaxy cluster physics. To ensure the simulations are …

Wide-field imaging and spectroscopy enable a host of astrophysical studies that range from
the largest cosmological scales to the local environment of the Milky Way. Starting in 2000 …

Context. The eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum-Poentgen-Gamma (SPG)
observatory combines a large field of view and a large collecting area in the energy range …

We present a joint cosmological analysis of weak gravitational lensing observations from the
Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000), with redshift-space galaxy clustering observations from …

We present cosmological constraints from a cosmic shear analysis of the fourth data release
of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000), which doubles the survey area with nine-band …

We present a joint cosmic shear analysis of the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y3) and the Kilo-
Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) in a collaborative effort between the two survey teams. We find …

We use a new deprojection formula to infer the gravitational potential around isolated
galaxies from weak gravitational lensing. The results imply circular velocity curves that …

The evolution of the cluster mass function traces the growth of linear density perturbations,
providing valuable insights into the growth of structures, the nature of dark matter, and the …