Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major
threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an …

Potassium (K) is an essential element for the growth and development of plants; however, its
scarcity or excessive level leads to distortion of numerous functions in plants. It takes part in …

Environmental problems have always received immense attention from scientists. Toxicants
pollution is a critical environmental concern that has posed serious threats to human health …

Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the
environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining …

Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher
than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in …

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects humans, animals, and
plants, even at low concentrations. It is widely distributed and has both natural and …

Phytoremediation is an environment-friendly approach regarded as a potential candidate for
remediating heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soils. However, the low efficacy of …

Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants, and its deficiency can lead to impaired
development and function. Around 50% of arable land in the world is acidic, and low pH in …

Heavy metals (HMs) normally occur in nature and are rapidly released into ecosystems by
anthropogenic activities, leading to a series of threats to plant productivity as well as human …

Nanotechnology has become a valuable novel approach to manage several environmental
challenges through providing innovative and effective solutions. Heavy metal stress is an …