Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor with key
functions in a wide array of biological systems. While the role of NF-κB in processes, such as …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states,
eg, in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan …

Astrocytes respond to injury and disease in the central nervous system with reactive
changes that influence the outcome of the disorder,,–. These changes include differentially …

The loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system underlies the onset of the
typical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and
neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. The prevalence of the disease is increasing and is …

Background High inflammation status despite an absence of known infection characterizes a
subpopulation of people with schizophrenia who suffer from more severe cognitive deficits …

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain, directly associate with and
regulate neuronal processes and synapses and are important regulators of brain …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor characterized by extensive necrosis
and immunosuppressive inflammation. The mechanisms by which this inflammation …

Neuroinflammation within the central nervous system involves multiple cell types that
coordinate their responses by secreting and responding to a plethora of inflammatory …

Current treatments targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have minimal
efficacy, which results in a huge unmet medical need worldwide. Accumulating data suggest …