A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

The SwissFEL X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility started construction at the Paul
Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland) in 2013 and will be ready to accept its first users in …

Matter with a high energy density (> 105 joules per cm3) is prevalent throughout the
Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets,; it is …

The time–energy information of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses generated by the
Linac Coherent Light Source is measured with attosecond resolution via angular streaking …

Recently, few-femtosecond pulses have become available at hard X-ray free-electron lasers.
Coupled with the available sub-10 fs optical pulses, investigations into few-femtosecond …

Many advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time
resolutions of only a few femtoseconds. To generate these pulses and to apply them in time …

X-ray free-electron lasers, with pulse durations ranging from a few to several hundred
femtoseconds, are uniquely suited for studying atomic, molecular, chemical and biological …

We report experimental results on x-ray diffraction of quantum-state-selected and strongly
aligned ensembles of the prototypical asymmetric rotor molecule 2, 5-diiodobenzonitrile …

X-ray free-electron lasers provide unique opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics and
for imaging the structures of complex systems. Understanding the response of individual …