The physics of quantum materials is dictated by many-body interactions and mathematical
concepts such as symmetry and topology that have transformed our understanding of matter …

RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs
guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus …

Plant pathogens compromise crop yields. Plants have evolved robust innate immunity that
depends in part on intracellular Nucleotide‐binding, Leucine rich‐Repeat (NLR) immune …

Effectors play a central role in determining the outcome of plant− pathogen interactions. As
key virulence proteins, effectors are collectively indispensable for disease development. By …

Species of the genus Phytophthora, the plant killer, cause disease and reduce yields in
many crop plants. Although many Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi) genes …

In plants, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins can
form receptor networks to confer hypersensitive cell death and innate immunity. One class of …

Filamentous plant pathogens cause disease in numerous economically important crops.
These pathogens secrete virulence proteins, termed effectors, that modulate host cellular …

Variations in chromosome number are occasionally observed among oomycetes, a group
that includes many plant pathogens, but the emergence of such variations and their effects …

Pathogenic fungi use secreted effector proteins to suppress immunity and support their
infection, but effectors have also been reported from fungi that engage in nutritional …

An understanding of the cell biology underlying the burgeoning molecular genetic and
genomic knowledge of oomycete pathogenicity is essential to gain the full context of how …