Climatic shifts to warmer and often drier conditions are challenging terrestrial species
worldwide. These shifts are occurring more rapidly at higher elevations and latitudes, likely …

Animal species differ considerably in longevity. Among mammals, short-lived species such
as shrews have a maximum lifespan of about a year, whereas long-lived species such as …

Abstracts Wind energy production is particularly rewarding along coastlines, yet coastlines
are often important as migratory corridors for wildlife. This creates a conflict between energy …

Background Hibernation allows species to conserve energy and thereby bridge unfavorable
environmental conditions. At the same time, hibernation imposes substantial ecological and …

Hibernation is a widespread adaptation in animals to seasonally changing environmental
conditions. In the face of global anthropogenic change, information about plastic …

Trade‐offs between survival and reproduction are at the core of life‐history theory, and
essential to understanding the evolution of reproductive tactics as well as population …

Lactation is the most energetically demanding time in the life of female mammals. To
maximize lifetime reproductive success, females of long-lived species, such as bats, face a …

Long‐lived animals with a low annual reproductive output need a long time to recover from
population crashes and are, thus, likely to face high extinction risk, if the current global …

Fluctuating asymmetry, the non-directional deviation from bilateral symmetry resulting from
developmental instability, can indicate early-life environmental stress. While fluctuating …

This comprehensive species-specific chapter covers all aspects of the mammalian biology,
including paleontology, physiology, genetics, reproduction and development, ecology …