The common and persistent failures to translate promising preclinical drug candidates into
clinical success highlight the limited effectiveness of disease models currently used in drug …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature,
stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support …

Historically, it has been difficult to propagate cells in vitro that are derived directly from
human tumors or healthy tissue. However, in vitro preclinical models are essential tools for …

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most commonly used supplement in studies involving cell-
culture experiments. However, FBS contains large numbers of bovine extracellular vesicles …

Objective To investigate the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosis, treatment
and outcome predictionin urologic diseases and evaluate its advantages over traditional …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy that occurs primarily in old males. Prostate
tumors in different patients manifest significant inter-patient heterogeneity with respect to …

The rising interest in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived organoid culture
has stemmed from the manipulation of various combinations of directed multi-lineage …

Drug discovery is important in cancer therapy and precision medicines. Traditional
approaches of drug discovery are mainly based on in vivo animal experiments and in vitro …

Gene products or pathways that are aberrantly activated in cancer but not in normal tissue
hold great promises for being effective and safe anticancer therapeutic targets. Many …

Current efforts in precision oncology largely focus on the benefit of genomics-guided
therapy. Yet, advances in sequencing techniques provide an unprecedented view of the …