Plants have evolved a plethora of different chemical defenses covering nearly all classes of
(secondary) metabolites that represent a major barrier to herbivory: Some are constitutive; …

Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutually beneficial biological association between species in the
fungal phylum Glomeromycota and higher plants roots. The symbiosis is thought to have …

The root systems of most agronomic crops are colonized by diverse assemblages of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), varying in the functional benefits (eg nutrient transfer …

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species
in the range of 2–3 million. The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the …

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial symbiotic communities span through kingdoms. The
vast microbial gene pool extends the host genome and supports adaptations to changing …

Biotic interactions play primary roles in major theories of the distribution and abundance of
species, yet the nature of these biotic interactions can depend upon the larger ecological …

The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, subphylum Glomeromycotina,
and terrestrial plants is one of the most widespread and arguably most successful plant …

Mycorrhizal fungi and insects are important components of most ecosystems that are likely to
interact with one another indirectly through a common host plant. In this paper, we review …

Soil microbial communities contribute to ecosystem function and structure plant
communities, but are altered by anthropogenic disturbance. Successful restoration may …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations imply a remarkable reprogramming of functions in both
plant and fungal symbionts. The consequent alterations on plant physiology have a clear …