Predator–prey relationships are a central component of community dynamics. Classic
approaches have tried to understand and predict these relationships in terms of …

Predators have a key role sha** competitor dynamics in food webs. Perhaps the most
obvious way this occurs is when predators reduce competitor densities. However …

In complex food webs, interactions among species in different trophic levels can generate
cascading indirect effects that couple top predators with primary producers, thereby affecting …

Individual variation in the behavior of prey can influence predation risk in complex ways. We
ran individual roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common freshwater fish, through a standard refuge …

Predator species are separated along habitat gradients, with predation known to play an
essential role in species' trait diversification. Because predator species differ dramatically in …

Simultaneously defending against predators, stymieing competitors, and generating immune
responses can impose conflicting demands for host species caught in the entanglement of a …

Background Local adaptation of marine and diadromous species is thought to be a product
of larval dispersal, settlement mortality, and differential reproductive success, particularly in …

Determining how niche differences contribute to local species coexistence is a vexing
problem. Previous work has shown that the ecological and evolutionary processes sha** …

Highlights•Mechanisms maintaining bolder animals within populations are not fully
understood.•We scored boldness traits and linked these to autotomy and mortality by …

Se revisa y analiza la información actual sobre las diferentes estrategias antidepredatorias y
sus implicaciones en las especies de mamíferos a través del análisis, interpretación e …