Research on the psychology of learning has highlighted straightforward ways of enhancing
learning. However, effective learning strategies are underused by learners. In this Review …

Procrastination is common among students, with prevalence estimates double or even triple
those of the working population. This inflated prevalence indicates that the academic …

In flipped learning, students study learning material before class and apply the content of the
learning material during class. This requires self-regulated learning (SRL) behavior due to …

How do learners make sense of what they are learning? In this article, I present a new
framework of sense-making based on research investigating the benefits and boundaries of …

The authors describe a research-based conceptual framework of how students learn that
can guide the design, implementation, and troubleshooting of teaching practice. The …

Cognitive psychological research from the last decades has shown that learning strategies
that create desirable difficulties during learning, eg, practice testing, are most effective for …

Over a century of research has established practice testing as a highly robust learning
strategy that promotes long-term retention. However, learners do not always appreciate the …

How do we go about learning new information? This article reviews the importance of
practicing retrieval of newly experienced information if one wants to be able to retrieve it …

Cognitive psychology research has emphasized that the strategies that are effective and
efficient for fostering long-term retention (eg, interleaved study, retrieval practice) are often …

Laptop computers allow students to type lecture notes instead of relying on the traditional
longhand (ie paper–pencil) method. The present research compared laptop and longhand …