This tutorial introduces the reader to Gaussian process regression as an expressive tool to
model, actively explore and exploit unknown functions. Gaussian process regression is a …

In humans and other gregarious animals, collective decision-making is a robust behavioural
feature of groups. Pooling individual information is also fundamental for modern societies, in …

Explore-exploit decisions require us to trade off the benefits of exploring unknown options to
learn more about them, with exploiting known options, for immediate reward. Such decisions …

Active inference is a normative principle underwriting perception, action, planning, decision-
making and learning in biological or artificial agents. From its inception, its associated …

Adolescents are often described as a strange and different species that behaves like no
other age group, typical behaviours being excessive risk-taking and sensitivity to peer …

Humans possess a remarkable ability to make decisions within real-world environments that
are expansive, complex, and multidimensional. Human cognitive computational …

To tackle a hard problem, it is often wise to reuse and recombine existing knowledge. Such
an ability to bootstrap enables us to grow rich mental concepts despite limited cognitive …

Decisions made by mammals and birds are often temporally extended. They require
planning and sampling of decision-relevant information. Our understanding of such decision …

Human development is often described as a 'cooling off'process, analogous to stochastic
optimization algorithms that implement a gradual reduction in randomness over time. Yet …

Highlights•Humans use uncertainty-based algorithms to balance exploration and
exploitation.•Humans utilize structure in the state space to make exploration more …