The bottom-up assembly of biological and chemical components opens exciting
opportunities to engineer artificial vesicular systems for applications with previously unmet …

Synthetic cells are engineered vesicles that can mimic one or more salient features of life.
These features include directed localization, sense‐and‐respond behavior, gene …

Electricity is paramount to the technical world and plays an increasingly important role as a
future energy carrier. Yet, it is not widely used to directly power biological systems. Here, we …

Compartmentalization is an intrinsic feature of living cells that allows spatiotemporal control
over the biochemical pathways expressed in them. Over the years, a library of …

Life-like systems need to maintain a basal metabolism, which includes importing a variety of
building blocks required for macromolecule synthesis, exporting dead-end products, and …

Respiratory complex I is an essential metabolic enzyme that uses the energy from NADH
oxidation and ubiquinone reduction to translocate protons across an energy transducing …

The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology aims to create molecular ensembles that
reproduce the organization and functions of living organisms and strives to integrate them in …

Synthetic cells have a major role in gaining insight into the complex biological processes of
living cells; they also give rise to a range of emerging applications from gene delivery to …

Mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase), a major contributor of free
energy for oxidative phosphorylation, is increasingly recognized as a promising drug target …

Due to their augmented properties, biomimetic polymer/lipid hybrid compartments are a
promising substitute for natural liposomes in multiple applications, but the protein-free fusion …