In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the aim of sperm cells' preparation is to select
competent spermatozoa with the highest fertilization potential and in this context, the …

In the early 1950s, Austin and Chang independently described the changes that are
required for the sperm to fertilize oocytes in vivo. These changes were originally grouped …

Almost 50% of the infertility cases are due to male factors. Assisted reproductive
technologies (ARTs) allow to overcome the incapacity of these patients' spermatozoa to …

In vitro fertilization (IVF) gives rise to embryos in a number of mammalian species and is
currently widely used for assisted reproduction in humans and for genetic purposes in cattle …

Sperm selection in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is sophisticated. Only about 1,000
sperm out of millions in an ejaculate reach the fallopian tube and thus have a chance of …

The field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has seen constant improvement and
advancement targeted towards optimal development of the embryos in vitro to improve …

Sperm chemotaxis, which guide sperm toward oocyte, is tightly associated with sperm
capacitation, motility, and fertility. However, the molecular mechanism of sperm chemotaxis …

The rapid effects of steroids on spermatozoa have been demonstrated for the first time more
than three decades ago. Progesterone (P), which is present throughout the female genital …

Various research tools have been used for in vitro detection of sperm chemotaxis. However,
they are typically poor in maintenance of gradient stability, not to mention their low efficiency …

The contribution of sperm to embryogenesis is gaining attention with up to 50% of infertility
cases being attributed to a paternal factor. The traditional methods used in assisted …