Parenting is considered a key evolutionary innovation that contributed to the diversification
and expansion of vertebrates. However, we know little about how such diversity evolved …

Amphibians exhibit an incredible diversity of reproductive and life-history strategies,
including various forms of nest construction and nesting behaviour. Although anuran …

Many organisms have evolved adaptations to increase the odds of survival of their offspring.
Parental care has evolved several times in animals including ectotherms. In amphibians …

Innovations in nest design are thought to be one potential factor in the evolutionary success
of passerine birds (order: Passeriformes), which colonized new ecological niches as they …

Sex differences in vertebrate spatial abilities are typically interpreted under the adaptive
specialization hypothesis, which posits that male reproductive success is linked to larger …

Many species of Neotropical frogs have evolved to deposit their tadpoles in small water
bodies inside plant structures called phytotelmata. These pools are small enough to exclude …

In order to cope with the complexity and variability of the terrestrial environment, amphibians
have developed a wide range of reproductive and parental behaviors. Nest building occurs …

Background Our current understanding of vertebrate skin and gut microbiomes, and their
vertical transmission, remains incomplete as major lineages and varied forms of parental …

Extant anuran amphibians originate from an evolutionary intersection eventually leading to
fully terrestrial tetrapods. In many ways, they have to deal with exposure to both terrestrial …

Individual reproductive success has several components, including the acquisition of mating
partners, offspring production, and offspring survival until adulthood. While the effects of …