Laboratory Animal Anesthesia looks at recent significant developments in anesthetic
practices in laboratory experiments involving animals. It also provides information about …

Simple Summary Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with 'a life
worth living'continues to apply pressure on industry to alleviate pain associated with …

Similar to other animal species, small ruminants and camelids experience pain following
noxious stimuli. The noxious stimuli may come in the form of a management procedure (eg …

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent,
veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile …

Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Fifth Edition provides a basic guide to
anesthesia for a very diverse audience involved in animal testing. This has been the go-to …

Tramadol is a synthetic codeine analogue used as an analgesic in human and veterinary
medicine, but not approved for use in cats. Tramadol (2mg/kg) was administered …

Objective To evaluate and compare the postoperative analgesia provided by epidural
lidocaine, lidocaine/morphine or lidocaine/tramadol in dogs following elective orchiectomy …

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug used in veterinary and human clinical practice.
Its metabolism has been largely characterized in human being but is still long to be …

Tramadol is a centrally acting opiate analgesic that has not been well studied in avian
species. Tramadol and its metabolites exert their effects at multiple sites, including opiate (μ …

In reptiles, administration of opioid drugs has yielded unexpected results with respect to
analgesia. The aims of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic …