All light has structure, but only recently has it been possible to control it in all its degrees of
freedom and dimensions, fuelling fundamental advances and applications alike. Here we …

The interest in tailoring light in all its degrees of freedom is steadily gaining traction, driven
by the tremendous developments in the toolkit for the creation, control and detection of what …

Optical aberrations place fundamental limits on the achievable resolution with focusing and
imaging. In the context of structured light, optical imperfections and misalignments and …

Free-space optical communication is a promising means to establish versatile, secure and
high-bandwidth communication between mobile nodes for many critical applications. While …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) topological states resemble truly localised, particle-like
objects in physical space. Among the richest such structures are 3D skyrmions and hopfions …

Structured waves are ubiquitous for all areas of wave physics, both classical and quantum,
where the wavefields are inhomogeneous and cannot be approximated by a single plane …

Polarization as an important degree of freedom for light plays a key role in optics. Structured
beams with controlled polarization profiles have diverse applications, such as information …

Polarization singularities and topological polarization structures are generic features of
inhomogeneous vector wave fields of any nature. However, their experimental studies …

As an important imaging technique, holography has been realized with different physical
dimensions of light, including polarization, wavelength, and time. Recently, quantum …

Humankind has been obsessed with knots in religion, culture and daily life for millennia,
while physicists like Gauss, Kelvin and Maxwell already involved them in models centuries …