Accurate translation of the genetic code into functional polypeptides is key to cellular growth
and proliferation. This essential process is carried out by the ribosome, a ribonucleoprotein …

Sensory cells that detect mechanical forces usually have one or more specialized cilia.
These mechanosensory cells underlie hearing, proprioception or gravity sensation. To date …

Nowadays, microplastics represent one of the main threats to marine ecosystems, being
able to affect organisms at different stages of their life cycle and at different levels of the food …

Sponges, among the oldest extant multicellular organisms on Earth, 1 play a key role in the
cycling of nutrients in many aquatic ecosystems. 2–5 They need to employ strategies to …

Colonial tunicates are marine organisms that possess multiple brains simultaneously during
their colonial phase. While the cyclical processes of neurogenesis and neurodegeneration …

Background Appendicularia consists of approximately 70 purely marine species that belong
to Tunicata the probable sister taxon to Craniota. Therefore, Appendicularia plays a pivotal …

This year marks the 125th anniversary of the beginning of regeneration research in the
ascidian Ciona intestinalis. A brief note was published in 1891, reporting the regeneration of …

Tunicates, the sister group of vertebrates, offer a unique perspective for evolutionary
developmental studies (Evo-Devo) due to their simple anatomical organization. Moreover …

The nervous system of ascidians is an excellent model system to provide insights into the
evolutionary process of the chordate nervous system due to their phylogenetic positions as …

Regenerative ability is highly variable among the metazoans. While many invertebrate
organisms are capable of complete regeneration of entire bodies and organs, whole-organ …