Background Every living organism is an open system operating far from thermodynamic
equilibrium and exchanging energy, matter and information with an external environment …

In 1907, Lapicque proposed that an electric field passes through the neuronal membrane
and transmits a signal. Subsequently, a “snake curve” or spike was used to depict the means …

As we bring tubulin protein molecules one by one into the vicinity, they self-assemble and
entire event we capture live via quantum tunneling. We observe how these molecules form a …

Biomaterials are primarily insulators. For nearly a century, electromagnetic resonance and
antenna–receiver properties have been measured and extensively theoretically modeled …

The mechanism by which anesthetic gases selectively prevent consciousness and memory
(sparing non-conscious brain functions) remains unknown. At the turn of the 20th century …

Time crystal was conceived in the 1970s as an autonomous engine made of only clocks to
explain the life-like features of a virus. Later, time crystal was extended to living cells like …

In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) models and deep learning techniques
have gained significant attention for plant disease detection. Despite advances, achieving …

Making an artificial brain is not a part of artificial intelligence. It will be a revolutionary
journey of mankind exploring a science where one cannot write an equation, a material will …

A substantial ion flow in a normally wet protein masks any other forms of signal transmission.
We use hysteresis and linear conduction (both are artifacts) as a marker to precisely wet a …

Big data or data overflow problem is due to century-old wrong information theory practiced
even today that believes every single event that has happened, is happening, and will …