In an age of depleting earth due to global warming impacting badly on the ozone layer of the
earth system, the need to employ technologies to substitute those engineering practices …

Optimization techniques have drawn much attention for solving geotechnical engineering
problems in recent years. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most widely used …

The purpose of this article to design a low-weight cantilever reinforced concrete retaining
wall with shear key by using an optimization algorithm, which is programmed in MATLAB …

In the optimum design of reinforced concrete (RC) structural members, the robustness of the
employed method is important as well as solving the optimization problem. In some cases …

The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to present the recent progress about the design
optimization and applications of metaheuristic algorithms in civil engineering. In this chapter …

In this paper, optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls is performed
under static and dynamic loading conditions utilizing eleven population-based meta …

This paper investigates the effect of computing the bearing capacity through different
methods on the optimum construction cost of reinforced concrete retaining walls (RCRWs) …

The paper represents an optimization algorithm for reinforced concrete retaining wall
design. The proposed method, called Rao-3 optimization algorithm, is a recently developed …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) models have been extensively used in the stability check of
gravity retaining wall. They are renowned as the most capable methods for predicting factor …

The design of a gravity retaining wall should be simple to construct, quick to build and the
best economic solution to a problem. This can be achieved by using advanced optimization …