Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate.
The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the …

Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained
by a rolling series of dichotomies such as" resting versus activated" and" M1 versus M2." …

Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing …

An unresolved question for the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology
is why a significant percentage of amyloid-β (Aβ)-positive cognitively unimpaired (CU) …

Astrocytes, a type of glia, are abundant and morphologically complex cells. Here, we report
astrocyte molecular profiles, diversity, and morphology across the mouse central nervous …

The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast
genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every …

The human brain directs complex behaviors, ranging from fine motor skills to abstract
intelligence, but the diversity of cell types that support these skills has not been fully …

Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis
and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the …

One hundred years ago, Ramón y Cajal, considered by many as the founder of modern
neuroscience, stated that neurons of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are incapable …

In the contexts of aging, injury, or neuroinflammation, activated microglia signaling with TNF-
α, IL-1α, and C1q induces a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype, classified as A1, A1-like, or …