BACKGROUND Synthetic membranes are used for desalination, dialysis, sterile filtration,
food processing, dehydration of air and other industrial, medical, and environmental …

Membrane-based separations for water purification and desalination have been
increasingly applied to address the global challenges of water scarcity and the pollution of …

Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics
and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important …

Membrane desalination is a promising technology for addressing the global challenge of
water scarcity by augmenting fresh water supply. Continuous progress in this technology …

The emergence of Turing structures is of fundamental importance, and designing these
structures and develo** their applications have practical effects in chemistry and biology …

The separation properties of polyamide reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes,
widely applied for desalination and water reuse, are constrained by the permeability …

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the key technology driving an energy-efficient and
cost-effective desalination process. At the center of this technology are the thin film …

In recent years, numerous large-scale seawater desalination plants have been built in water-
stressed countries to augment available water resources, and construction of new …

Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. While high-salinity desalination
and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) are increasingly attractive treatment options, the high salt …

The state-of-the-art of membrane technology is characterized by a number of mature
applications such as sterile filtration, hemodialysis, water purification and gas separation, as …