Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also
the first 'adipokine'described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and …

COVID-19 mortality is strongly associated with the development of severe pneumonia and
acute respiratory distress syndrome with the worst outcome resulting in cytokine release …

With more than 81 000 deaths worldwide from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by
April 8, 2020, 1 it is incumbent on researchers to accelerate clinical trials of any readily …

Background The biological processes associated with postacute sequelae of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) are unknown. Methods …

▪ Abstract Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that
many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such …

The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-
1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is lethal to animals because it activates cytokine release, causing
septic shock and tissue injury. Early proinflammatory cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor …

Sepsis and septic shock are among the leading causes of death in intensive care units
worldwide. Numerous studies on their pathophysiology have revealed an imbalance in the …

Abstract Turnbull, Andrew V., and Catherine L. Rivier. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-
Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action. Physiol. Rev. 79: 1 …

Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to
infection. However, when allowed to continue unchecked, inflammation may result in …