Cobalt (Co) is a transition metal featuring unique physical properties which makes its use
critical for many high-tech applications such as high strength materials, magnets and most …

Ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the Earth's lithosphere in
many rare and critical metals, including Co, Te, Mo, Bi, Pt, W, Zr, Nb, Y, and rare-earth …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

A comprehensive account of ore-forming processes, revised and updated The revised
second edition of Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes offers a guide to the multiplicity of …

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, which occurs ubiquitously in
the environment. It is present in trace amounts in both organic and inorganic forms in marine …

Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor
massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add …

With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at
hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic …

The study of the kinetics of REEs from secondary resources and the understanding of the
mechanisms governing the leaching reactions are fundamental aspects for the design and …

During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1,200–800 kya), Earth's orbitally paced ice age
cycles intensified, lengthened from∼ 40,000 (∼ 40 ky) to∼ 100 ky, and became distinctly …