Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

Background Excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation (UVR) triggers a remodeling of
the immune system and leads to the photoaging state which is reminiscent of chronological …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during
development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive …

Immune escape is a hallmark of cancer. The dynamic and heterogeneous tumour
microenvironment (TME) causes insufficient infiltration and poor efficacy of natural killer (NK) …

Because of their potent antitumor activity and their proinflammatory role, natural killer (NK)
cells are at the forefront of efforts to develop immuno-oncologic treatments. NK cells …

The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant variations across
different ethnic groups and geographical regions, with Southeast Asia and North Africa …

Immunotherapies targeting conventional T cells have revolutionized systemic treatment for
many cancers, yet only a subset of patients benefit from these approaches. A better …

Natural Killer (NK) cells are characterized by their potential to kill tumor cells by different
means without previous sensitization and have, therefore, become a valuable tool in cancer …

Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate lymphoid cells playing a pivotal role in
host immune responses against infection and tumor growth. These cells have a powerful …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the induction and maintenance of peripheral
tolerance therefore, they are key in preventing excessive immune responses and …