As a substantial part of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME), glioma-associated
microglia/macrophages (GAMs) have an emerging role in tumor progression and in …

Simple Summary Patients with glioblastoma—the most frequent and malignant primary brain
tumor—have a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 15 months. Despite …

Rationale: In the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages
(TAMs) are prominent components and facilitate tumor growth. The exact molecular …

Astrocytes, members of the glial family, interact through the exchange of soluble factors or by
directly contacting neurons and other brain cells, such as microglia and endothelial cells …

In recent years, the functions of glial cells, namely, astrocytes and microglia, have gained
prominence in several diseases of the central nervous system, especially in glioblastoma …

Malignant gliomas contain stroma and a variety of immune cells including abundant
activated microglia/macrophages. Mounting evidence indicates that the glioma …

The word “glia” is derived from the Greek word “γλoια,” glue of the enteric nervous system,
and for many years, enteric glial cells (EGCs) were believed to provide mainly structural …

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Their deadliest
manifestation, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), accounts for 15% of all primary brain tumors …

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), formerly called diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a
high-grade malignant pediatric brain tumor with a near-zero survival rate. To date, only …

Gliomas develop in unique and complicated environments that nourish tumor cells. The
tumor microenvironment (TME) of gliomas comprises heterogeneous cells, including brain …