A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the
concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections …

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new beta coronavirus
that emerged at the end of 2019 in the Hubei province of China. SARS-CoV-2 causes …

Predictive models of immune protection from COVID-19 are urgently needed to identify
correlates of protection to assist in the future deployment of vaccines. To address this, we …

Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These
effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to …

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) threaten the effectiveness of current
COVID-19 vaccines administered intramuscularly and designed to only target the spike …

mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their
efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine–induced immune responses are mostly …

The global spread of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is devastating health systems and economies
worldwide. Recombinant or vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies are used to combat the …

The clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely determined by host
factors. Recent advances point to cellular senescence, an ageing-related switch in cellular …