Many excitatory synapses express Group 1, or Gq coupled, metabotropic glutamate
receptors (Gp1 mGluRs) at the periphery of their postsynaptic density. Activation of Gp1 …

Immediate‐early genes (IEG) are powerful tools for identifying activated neurosecretory
neurones and extended circuits that affect neuroendocrine functions. The generally …

The processing of stress responses involves brain-wide communication among cortical and
subcortical regions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show …

Salient stimuli that modify behavior induce transcription of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-
associated protein (Arc/Arg3. 1) and transport Arc mRNA into dendrites, suggesting that …

Summary Arc/Arg3. 1 is an immediate-early gene whose expression levels are increased by
strong synaptic activation, including synapse-strengthening activity patterns. Arc/Arg3. 1 …

Learning and memory depend critically on long-term synaptic plasticity, which requires
neuronal gene expression. In the prevailing view, AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory …

Several studies have demonstrated that exposure to both acute and chronic aversive stimuli
can affect neural activity in different brain areas. In particular it has been shown that stressful …

The cognitive effects of stress are profound, yet it is unknown if the consequences of
concurrent multiple stresses on learning and memory differ from those of a single stress of …

Neurotrophins and other growth factors have been advanced as critical modulators of
depressive behavior. Support for this model is based on analyses of knockout and …

This speculative review serves two purposes. First, it as an extension of the ideas we
developed in a previous review (Diamond et al., Hippocampus, 2004; 14: 281–291), and …