Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in
determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the …

Over the last three decades, photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted intense interests thanks
to their broad potential applications in optics and photonics. Generally, these structures can …

Classical nucleation and crystal growth theories describe how nuclei form, become stable
after reaching a critical size and then enlarge through monomer attachment. More than two …

Nucleation, the initial process in vapor condensation, crystal nucleation, melting, and
boiling, is the localized emergence of a distinct thermodynamic phase at the nanoscale that …

Understanding the electrochemical deposition of metal anodes is critical for high-energy
rechargeable batteries, among which solid-state lithium metal batteries have attracted …

The simplicity of hard spheres as a model system is deceptive. Although the particles
interact solely through volume exclusion, that nevertheless suffices for a wealth of static and …

A great success of solid state physics comes from the characterization of crystal structures in
the reciprocal (wave vector) space. The power of structural characterization in Fourier space …

Nucleation and growth are universally important in systems from the atomic to the
micrometre scale as they dictate structural and functional attributes of crystals. However, at …

The recent discovery of non-classical crystal nucleation pathways has revealed the role of
fluctuations in the liquid structural order, not considered in classical nucleation theory. On …

Two or more liquid states may exist even for single-component substances, which is known
as liquid polymorphism, and the transition between them is called liquid–liquid transition …