The MAVEN spacecraft launched in November 2013, arrived at Mars in September 2014,
and completed commissioning and began its one-Earth-year primary science mission in …

Titan is the only moon with a substantial atmosphere, the only other thick N2 atmosphere
besides Earth's, the site of extraordinarily complex atmospheric chemistry that far surpasses …

The nine editions of Stable Isotope Geochemistry have appeared over a time span of nearly
50 years. The first edition (1973) appeared as a slim book of 135 pages. Due to the rapid …

We describe the construction and characterization of a genomically recoded organism
(GRO). We replaced all known UAG stop codons in Escherichia coli MG1655 with …

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover
began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation …

Geological evidence shows that ancient Mars had large volumes of liquid water. Models of
past hydrogen escape to space, calibrated with observations of the current escape rate …

INTRODUCTION Remote observational data suggest that large bodies of standing water
existed on the surface of Mars in its early history. This would have required a much wetter …

Infrared spectroscopy in the 3–20 μm spectral window has evolved from a routine laboratory
technique into a state-of-the-art spectroscopy and sensing tool by benefitting from recent …

Variable levels of methane in the martian atmosphere have eluded explanation partly
because the measurements are not repeatable in time or location. We report in situ …

The nature of the early martian climate is one of the major unanswered questions of
planetary science. Key challenges remain, but a new wave of orbital and in situ observations …