Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

More than one year after its inception, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains difficult …

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring mutations in the spike (S) protein has
raised concern about potential immune escape. Here, we studied humoral and cellular …

mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their
efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine–induced immune responses are mostly …

The germinal centre (GC) response is critical for the generation of affinity-matured plasma
cells and memory B cells capable of mediating long-term protective immunity …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are appealing as potential therapeutics and prophylactics for
viral infections owing to characteristics such as their high specificity and their ability to …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces B cell
responses that continue to evolve for at least a year. During that time, memory B cells …

Antibodies elicited by infection accumulate somatic mutations in germinal centers that can
increase affinity for cognate antigens. We analyzed 6 independent groups of clonally related …

Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively characterized
in blood; however, most functions of protective immunity must be accomplished in tissues …