Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services of
irreplaceable socio‐economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at …

Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75° C, far outpacing the global average,
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …

In an epoch of rapid environmental change, understanding and predicting how biodiversity
will respond to a changing climate is an urgent challenge. Since we seldom have sufficient …

Highlights•Climate change can alter insect phenology in complex and counterintuitive
ways.•Advances in springtime phenology with warming are widespread but not …

Rapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure and function,
including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up and flowering are …

Abstract Changes in Arctic vegetation can have important implications for trophic
interactions and ecosystem functioning leading to climate feedbacks. Plot-based vegetation …

Phenology—the timing of biological events—is highly sensitive to climate change. However,
our general understanding of how phenology responds to climate change is based almost …

The Arctic tundra is warming rapidly, yet the exact mechanisms linking warming and
observed ecological changes are often unclear. Understanding mechanisms of change …

Climate change can affect plant–pollinator interactions in a variety of ways, but much of the
research attention has focused on whether independent shifts in phenology will alter …

Climate change can influence consumer populations both directly, by affecting survival and
reproduction, and indirectly, by altering resources. However, little is known about the relative …