Many of the unresolved debates in palaeoanthropology regarding evolution of particular
locomotor or manipulative behaviours are founded in differing opinions about the functional …

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a technique that reconstructs stress, strain, and deformation
in a digital structure. Although commonplace in engineering and orthopedic science for …

Biomechanics theory provides new ways to reconstruct behavior in past populations.
Application of biomechanical beam models to long bone diaphyses has proven to be a …

Geometric morphometrics (GM) has increasingly become an important tool in assessing and
studying shape variation in a wide variety of taxa. While the GM toolkit has unparalleled …

This is the first textbook of Virtual Anthropology, the new science that combines elements
from fields as diverse as anthropology, medicine, statistics, computing, scientific …

In plant tissues, cells are glued to each other by a pectic polysaccharide rich material known
as middle lamella (ML). Along with many biological functions, the ML plays a crucial role in …

Metriorhynchoid crocodylians represent the pinnacle of marine specialization within
Archosauria. Not only were they a major component of the Middle Jurassic–Early …

The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive
craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been viewed as a dietary adaptation for …

The elaboration and diversification of sexually selected weapons remain poorly understood.
We argue that progress in this topic has been hindered by a strong bias in sexual selection …

The study of cranial variation has a long, and somewhat difficult, history within anthropology.
Much of this difficulty is rooted in the historical use of craniometric data to justify essentialist …