Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40–200 nm in diameter that are
secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA …

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) provides unprecedented opportunities for drug
discovery. While the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has already …

Newly endocytosed integral cell surface proteins are typically either directed for degradation
or subjected to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The sorting of integral cell surface …

Discovered in the late 1980s as an extracellular vesicle of endosomal origin secreted from
reticulocytes, exosomes recently gained scientific attention due to its role in intercellular …

The early endosome (EE), also known as the sorting endosome (SE) is a crucial station for
the sorting of cargoes, such as receptors and lipids, through the endocytic pathways. The …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a term that includes both exosomes of endocytic origin and
vesicles derived from plasma membranes, are continuously secreted by cells to the …

Of the approximately 70 human Rab GTPases, nearly three-quarters are involved in
endocytic trafficking. Significant plasticity in endosomal membrane transport pathways is …

Several of the most important discoveries in the field of membrane traffic have come from
studies of Rab GTPases by Marino Zerial and Peter Novick and their colleagues. Zerial was …

In the last two decades, extracellular vesicle-mediated communication between cells has
become a major field in cell biology. However, the function of extracellular vesicles is far …

Delivery of exogenous mRNA using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is a promising strategy for
therapeutics. However, a bottleneck remains in the poor understanding of the parameters …