Exosomes are well-known key mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to
various physiological and pathological processes. Their biogenesis involves four key steps …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles released by donor cells that
can be taken up by recipient cells. The study of EVs has the potential to identify unknown …

Therapies directed toward the central nervous system remain difficult to translate into
improved clinical outcomes. This is largely due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), arguably …

Conspectus Over the past decades, major efforts were undertaken to develop devices on a
nanoscale level for the efficient and nontoxic delivery of molecules to tissues and cells, for …

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is
differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma …

Nanocarriers have therapeutic potential to facilitate drug delivery, including biological
agents, small-molecule drugs, and nucleic acids. However, their efficiency is limited by …

Being deeply connected to signalling, cell dynamics, growth, regulation, and defence,
endocytic processes are linked to almost all aspects of cell life and disease. In this review …

Caveolae are submicroscopic, plasma membrane pits that are abundant in many
mammalian cell types. The past few years have seen a quantum leap in our understanding …

A potentially important aspect in the regulation of tumour metastasis is endocytosis. This
process consists of internalisation of cell-surface receptors via pinocytosis, phagocytosis or …

There are many pathways of endocytosis at the cell surface that apparently operate at the
same time. With the advent of new molecular genetic and imaging tools, an understanding of …