Aim (1) To systematically review the literature on developmental outcomes from infancy to
adolescence of children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent early …

CONTEXT: Brain injury is the most common long-term complication of congenital heart
disease requiring surgery during infancy. It is clear that the youngest patients undergoing …

Background—Survivors of the Norwood procedure may experience neurodevelopmental
impairment. Clinical trials to improve outcomes have focused primarily on methods of vital …

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to determine which of the two major methods of vital organ
support used in infant cardiac surgery, total circulatory arrest and low-flow cardiopulmonary …

The management of congenital heart disease has changed dramatically over the last 15
years and continues to evolve at a rapid pace. More than ever before contemporary practice …

Objectives. The purposes of this study are to describe the quality of life and cognitive
function in school-aged children who have undergone staged palliation for hypoplastic left …

OBJECTIVE: Impaired neurodevelopmental outcome represents a major morbidity for
survivors of infant heart surgery for congenital heart defects. Previous studies in these …

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of persistent developmental impairments in
children with congenital heart defects and to identify factors that enhance risk for an adverse …

Background: Neurodevelopmental disabilities in children with congenital heart defects
(CHDs) have been primarily attributed to intraoperative events without consideration of …

Controversy exists regarding the integrity of the nervous system in the newborn with a
congenital heart defect who must undergo corrective or palliative open heart surgery …