Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are crucial for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria
and facilitate their rapid evolution and adaptation. MGEs include plasmids, integrative and …

Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus stands as a prominent pathogen in nosocomial and
community-acquired infections, capable of inciting various infections at different sites in …

Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are a major health risk caused particularly by
anthropogenic activities. Acquisition of antibiotic resistances by bacteria is known to have …

One hundred years ago, in 1915, the science of virology was in its infancy, and Frederick
Twort was having problems with his cultures. Twort, an English physician then aged 37, was …

Anti-prokaryotic immune system (APIS) proteins, typically encoded by phages, prophages,
and plasmids, inhibit prokaryotic immune systems (eg restriction modification, toxin-antitoxin …

Phages are recognized as the most abundant and diverse entities on the planet. Their
diversity is determined predominantly by their dynamic adaptation capacities when …

Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a promising alternative antimicrobial strategy with the
potential to transform the way bacterial infections are treated. In the United Kingdom, phages …

Health care authorities are calling for new antibacterial therapies to cope with the global
emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacteriophage-encoded lysins are a unique class …

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has resulted in an increased interest in phage
therapy, which historically preceded antibiotic treatment against bacterial infections. To date …