Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long fascinated evolutionary
biologists because of the dramatic differences between our feet and those of our closest …

Bipedalism is a hallmark of being human and the human foot is modified to reflect this
unique form of locomotion. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with calling the human foot “a …

The morphology and positional behavior of the last common ancestor of humans and
chimpanzees are critical for understanding the evolution of bipedalism. Early 20th century …

For much of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, multiple hominin species coexisted in the same
regions of eastern and southern Africa. Due to the limitations of the skeletal fossil record …

In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Human Evolution, we re-evaluate the
fossil record for early Homo (principally Homo erectus, Homo habilis, and Homo rudolfensis) …

The ancestral condition from which humans evolved is critical for understanding the
adaptive origin of bipedal locomotion. The 4.4 million-year-old hominin partial skeleton …

The adoption of bipedalism is a key benchmark in human evolution that has impacted talar
morphology. Here, we investigate talar morphological variability in extinct and extant …

Humans are unique among apes and other primates in the musculoskeletal design of their
lower back, pelvis, and lower limbs. Here, we describe the three-dimensional ground …

Although most features of modern footwear have been intensively studied, there has been
almost no research on the effects of toe springs. This nearly ubiquitous upward curvature of …

Neanderthal foot bone proportions and morphology are mostly indistinguishable from those
of Homo sapiens, with the exception of several distinct Neanderthal features in the talus. The …