Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

Sea-level rise amplifies the frequency of extreme sea levels by raising their baseline height.
Amplifications are often projected for arbitrary future years and benchmark frequencies …

Approximately 11% of the world's population lives within 10 km of an ocean coastline, a
percentage that is likely to increase during the remainder of the 21st century due to …

Storm surges that occur along low-lying, densely populated coastlines can leave
devastating societal, economical, and ecological impacts. To protect coastal communities …

Compound floods are becoming a growing threat in coastal cities against a background of
global sea level rise (SLR), and may cause increasing impacts on societal safety and …

Future sea level rise (SLR) and associated increases in the frequency and intensity of
coastal flooding poses significant threats to coastal communities and transit systems. Yet …

Previous studies have interpreted Last Interglacial (LIG;∼ 129–116 ka) sea‐level estimates
in multiple different ways to calibrate projections of future Antarctic ice‐sheet (AIS) mass loss …

Estimates of changes in the frequency or height of contemporary extreme sea levels (ESLs)
under various climate change scenarios are often used by climate and sea level scientists to …

The selection of an appropriate discount rate is a critical yet often neglected aspect of
valuing flood protection and climate adaptation projects. We examine current discounting …

Climate change and sea‐level rise (SLR) are expected to increase the frequency and
intensity of coastal flood events, posing risks to coastal communities and infrastructure …