Eastern Africa exhibits bimodal rainfall consisting of long rains (March–May) and short rains
(October–December), changes in which have profound socioeconomic and environmental …

Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of
around 7%/° C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Tropical cyclones (TCs, also known as hurricanes and typhoons) generally form at low
latitudes with access to the warm waters of the tropical oceans, but far enough off the …

Poleward migrations of tropical cyclones have been observed globally, but their impact on
coastal areas remains unclear. We investigated the change in global tropical cyclone activity …

Future changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ; a narrow band of
heavy precipitation in the tropics) with climate change could affect the livelihood and food …

Monsoon rainfall has profound economic and societal impacts for more than two-thirds of the
global population. Here we provide a review on past monsoon changes and their primary …

The frequency with which tropical cyclones (TCs) occur controls all other aspects of tropical
cyclone risk since a storm that does not occur can do no harm. Yet this frequency is poorly …

The geography and timing of changes in water availability under climate change are of
considerable societal interest. Characterizing these changes in a robust and meaningful …

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma) is one of our best geological
analogs for understanding climate dynamics in a “greenhouse” world. However, proxy data …